进化中的自然——法国风景园林历史演变与设计响应

The Updated Concept of Nature:Historical Developments of French Landscaping and Echoes in Design

园林是在尊重自然基础上,通过人为过程使其变得更好的更高层次的自然。第一自然是物质世界天然存在的万物;第二自然是人类生产产生的田园风光;第三自然是模仿第一或第二自然,物化基础上融入美学升级的园林景观。生态文明社会,人类渴望与自然和谐共生,出现了具有生态保护与修复,并兼顾社会文化的"第四自然"。

Landscaping is an artificial process to respect and elevate nature.The first-level nature is everything natural.The second-level nature is the agricultural views created by human activities.The third-level nature is a more aesthetically refined landscape that has integrated materials and human imitation.The fourth-level nature can be found in a society of highly developed ecological civilization,where people aspire to coexist with nature in harmony and apply eco-restoration to social culture.