231例面中部骨折的临床研究

A clinical research on 231 cases of midface fractures

目的 探讨面中部骨折的发生机制及治疗特点。 方法 以我院口腔颌面外科1981～ 2 0 0 0年资料完整的面中部骨折患者 2 3 1例为研究对象 ,进行性别及年龄分布、致伤原因、骨折类型、合并伤、治疗方法等方面的分析研究。 结果 2 3 1例中 ,男 195例 ,女 3 6例 ,男女之比为5 .4∶1。高峰年龄段为 2 0～ 40岁 ,占 63 .6% ( 147/2 3 1)。交通伤占 5 6.3 % ( 13 0 /2 3 1) ,为主要致伤原因。以上颌骨折最多 ,占全部骨折的 42 .2 % ( 2 0 6/4 88) ;在合并伤中以眼外伤的发生率最高 ( 2 9.4% ,68/2 3 1) ;经切开复位内固定治疗 12 5例 ,占 5 4.1% ( 12 5 /2 3 1)。 结论 面中部骨折最常见致伤原因是交通伤 ;最好发人群是 2 0～ 40岁男性 ;最好发部位是上颌骨 ;最常用的治疗方法是切开复位。

Objective To discuss the development mechanisms and the therapeutic characteristics of midface fractures. Methods A total of 231 cases of midface fractures were chosen from those who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 1981 and 2000. The data were reviewed in regard of age, gender, injury causes, fracture pattern, associated systemic injuries and corresponding treatments. Results Of 231 cases, there were 195 males and 36 females, with a male to female ratio of 5.4∶1. The most prevalent age was 20-40 years accounting to 63.6% (147/231). The leading cause of midface fractures was traffic accident accounting to 56.3% (130/231). In 231 cases, the rate of maxillary fractures was 42.2% (206/488). Among the associated systemic injuries, the incidence rate of eye injuries was 29.4% (68/231). Open reduction and internal fixation was done in 125 cases accounting to 54.1% (125/231). Conclusions The leading cause of midface fractures is traffic accident. The most prevalent age is 20-40 years. The most easily fractured position is the maxilla and the most common therapy is open reduction and firm internal fixation.