1998～2000年广州地区部分医院细菌耐药性监测

Surveillance of the resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in some hospitals in Guangzhou area from 1998～2000

目的 调查广州地区临床分离常见病原菌对抗生素耐药变迁情况。方法 采用纸片扩散法对 1998年 8月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月从广州 13家医院临床分离的 5 0 6 3株菌进行药物敏感性试验 (苛养菌用浓度梯度法 )。结果 3年来耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率分别为 4 5 .3% ,5 3.0 % ,5 0 .8%和 6 4 .1% ,86 .0 % ,79.0 % ,未发现耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属产超广谱 β 内酰胺酶的比率分别为 4 0 .7% ,31.8% ,36 .4 %和 4 3.1% ,4 2 .7% ,31.5 % ;肠杆菌属细菌对第 3代头孢菌素有较高耐药性 ,铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮 /舒巴坦 ,头孢他啶和阿米卡星耐药率变化不大。结论 广州地区常见病原菌耐药情况较严重 。

Objective To study the antimicrobial resistance changes of common pathogenic bacterial isolates in Guangzhou. Methods Disc diffusion test was used to measure the antibiotic susceptibility of 5063 strains collected from 13 hospitals in Guangzhou from 1998 to 2000 (Fastidious bacteria were detected by E test). Results From 1998 to 2000, the percentage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 45.3%,53.0%, and 50.8%, respectively, and that of methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus was 64.1%, 86.0%, and 79.0% accordingly. There was no resistance to vancomycin in the strains of Staphyloccocas and there were 40.7%, 31.8% and 36.4% in E.coli and 43.1%, 42.7%, and 31.5% in Klebsiella found to be extended spectrum lactamases producing in the 3 years. Resistant rates of Enterobacter spp against the third generation cephalosporins increased. Resistant rates of P.aeruginosa against cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime,amikacin were changed unmarkedly in recent years. Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance of common pathogenic bacteria is serious in Guangzhou area. The surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility is of great significance.