体外人全血淋巴细胞核异常检测的研究

STUDIES OF GENOTOXICOLOGICAL SHORT-TERM TEST NUCLEAR ANOMALY TEST IN LYMPHOCYTES OF HUMAN BLOOD IN VITRO

应用不同类型的具有致癌、致突变作用的治疗因子:丝裂霉素C、噻替哌、乙双吗啉、γ线(0.5-5Gy)和中子束(5-40Gy)体外处理人全血,观察多种核损伤指标:微核、核变形、核裂解、核固缩及其复合指标——核异常的改变。结果多数核损伤指标呈现剂量依赖关系。尽管多种核损伤指标对不同治疗因子的反应有所差异,但检测化学诱变剂的敏感性以微核细胞率为优,其次为核裂解率,其它指标有参考价值,对不同剂量区放射线处理后,核损伤指标的剂量效应关系的研究,将有助于体外生物剂量仪的探讨,尤其对超量照射(>5Gy)的研究。认为,体外人全血淋巴细胞核异常检测作为一种简便、快速、较接近人体内情况、且较敏感的体外遗传毒理学方法,可试用于理化因子诱变性与潜在致癌性的评价。

On the basis of a series of our previous investigations, micronucleus could be directly produced in G0/G1 phase of human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro, to establish more simpler test system for genotoxicity in human somatic cells in vitro Samples of human whole blood were treated with various kinds of carcinogenic mutagens: γ-rays, electron beam with high energy, Mitomycin C(MMC), Thio-tepa and bimolane. The nuclear anomalies which include varieties of nuclear damage: (micro-nucleus, irregularly-shaped nucleus, karyorrhetic nucleus and pyknostic nucleus), were counted in smears of isolated lymphocytes. The results showed that all five mutagens might induced dose-dependent increase of most indindices of nuclear damage and complex nuclear anomalies. The most sensitive index is the micronucleus assay. The correlation between dose and nude nuclear anomalies have been confirmed in lymphocytes irradiated with low and median dose of γ-rays and overdose electron beam. This might contribute to the study of bio-dosimetry for irradiation, especially for overdose irradiation. The preliminary results suggested that the in vitro nuclear anomaly test in lymphocytes of human whole blood could be adopted to evaluate mutagenic activity and carcinogenic pote-rtial of chemicals and radiation.