人因(HF)事故与事故征候分类标准及近十二年 中国民航HF事故与事故征候的分类统计报告

Categorization Norm for Human Factor Accidents and Accidental Signs and the Statistics of China Civil Aviation in Recent Twelve Years

事故与事故征候分类标准和统计方法是民航飞行安全的一项基础性安全管理内容。笔者运用Reason的事故链模型制订了人因 (HF)事故与事故征候分类标准 ,并成功地运用于36 1起HF事故征候和 35起飞行事故的统计分析之中 ,获得了以下一些有实用价值的结果 :①不良的机组资源管理 (CRM )技能是影响我国民航飞行安全的主要因素 ;②基本驾驶术较差引起的事故征候率较高 ;③滑行阶段和巡航阶段发生的征候次数和所占百分比高于起飞、爬升、下降以及进近阶段 ;④主要征候类型为偏出、冲出跑道 ,危险接近 ,擦机尾、翼尖、发动机以及地面撞障碍物 ;⑤排在前三位的飞行事故为机组原因造成飞机失控、撞山以及冲出跑道 ;⑥发生次数和百分比排在前四位的机组错误分别是操纵不当、违反规章程序飞行。

Categorization norm for human factor accidents and accidental signs and their statistical method are the bases for guaranteeing civil aviation flying safety. In this study, the categorization norm for human factor accidents and accidental signs based on Reason's Model is developed, which is applied to analyze 361 flying accidental signs and 35 flight accidents in China civil aviation occurred from 1990 to 2001. From this study we've got following interesting results: 1) The poor CRM skill is the dominating impacting factor of China civil aviation safety. 2) The percentage of accidental signs due to poor flying skill is out of expectation. 3) The number of accidental signs occurred during taxiing and cruising is higher than that of taking-off, climbing and descending. 4) The dominating accidental signs are diverging from the runway, over-running, dangerous approaching, tail, wingtip and engine scratching, and hitting the ground barrier. 5) The top three accidents are out of control caused by pilots, mountain collision and over runway. 6) The top four mistakes conducted by pilots are incorrect piloting, violating the relevant regulations and procedures, drifting off the course and piloting to an incorrect altitude.