上海市社区护理的供需情况及其影响因素调查

Need and Supply of Shanghai Conununity Nursing Care and Related Factor

目的 探讨开设社区护理专业的必要性。方法 以两阶段整群抽样对上海204名居民进行问卷调查,了解其对疾病护理、疾病预防和健康促进三方面(33个项目)社区护理的需求;以随机整群抽样对上海108名社区护士进行与需求相同内容的社区护理供给问卷调查。结果 需求的三方面分别为71.2％、72.3％和65.9％,平均69.8％;供给的三方面分别为20.3％、21.7％和17.0％,平均19.7％;对所有项目都需求的居民为57.4％,而对所有项目都供给的护士仅为4.6％。社区居民对需求的影响因素是就诊距离、有无疾病等。社区护士对社区护理的供给的影响因素有社区护士的数量少(如护士与居民之比约1:2万)、学历结构低(93.5％为中等学历)、专业知识不足和培训不够。结论 社区护理的供需矛盾对社区护士提出了数量和专业知识的要求,建议开设社区护理专业,加强岗位培训。

Objective To investigate the necessity of; developing the program of community nursing. Methods Two -stage cluster sampling design was used to select samples. 204 residents were investigated on the needs including disease care, disease prevention and health promotion (33 terms) for community nursing by means of questionnaire. Random cluster sampling design was used to select samples by means of the same methods and same terms. 108 community nurses were investigated on the supply. Results The needs for disease care, disease prevention and health promotion were 71. 2%, 72. 3% and 65. 9% respectively, with the average being 69. 8%. The supply was 20. 3%, 21, 7% and 17. 0% respectively, with the average being 19. 7%. The rate of the need for all terms was about 57. 4%, while the rate of supply was about 4. 6%. The factors which affected the residents' needs were distance , diseases and so on. Quality and quantiy of nurses were low. Conclusion The inconsistency of needs and supply in community nursing imposes urgent demand of increasing the quantity and quality. The professional training of community nursing should be developed and the junior curriculum building community nursing should be set up.