水稻高产优质高效栽培的基础生理研究

Physiological Basis of Cultivating Rice with High Yield, Good Quality & Top Efficiency

本文对双季稻高产优质高效栽培途径与传统栽培法的生理基础进行了比较研究。结果表明,采用“双高一优”法栽培,水稻根系特别发达,对氮、磷、钾的吸收能力及根系过氧化物酶活力均明显优于对照;功能叶的碳氮同化协调,呼吸消耗少,谷粒灌浆启动快,速率大;尤以以下三方面的结果更具有意义。(1) 水稻每克鲜根的氧化力低于对照17.5%—36.1%。(2) 叶片的叶绿素b含量及叶绿素溶液在430nm附近的O.D值分别比对照高49%—68%,67%—106%,剑叶透光率较对照低22.2%。(3) 功能叶及根系的硝酸还原酶活力比对照低,表现出与高产耐肥品种一样的生理特性。此外,本文还对根系活力及其与土壤环境的关系,作物根系及田间杂草对改良土壤、提高地力的作用,提出了新的看法。

The physiological basis of cultivating double rice with high yield, top quality & high efficiency was studied. The results showed that rice of wide—space planting possessed large strong root system, high absorption of N,P,K and great peroxidase activity, that carbon assimilation harmony with that of nitrogen, low respiratory rate, much accumulation of dry matter and fast grain filling, were characteristic of function leaves. The following results are of great importance: (1) the oxidation power of roots in wide—space planting keeps a reasonable level (lower by 17.5%—36.1% per gram fresh weight). (2) both chlorophyll b content and the 430nm absorption peak of chlorophyll solution are much higher by 49%—68%, 67%—106%, photic ratio of sword leaves are lower by 22.2%, respectively than those of check. (3) Nitrate reductace activities of the functional leaves and roots with wide—space planting are much lower than check. Furthermore, the authors put forward some new ideas about the relationship between roots activity and soil surroundings, and about the role of crop roots and/or weeds in improving soil and increasing soil fertility.