不同喂养方法对婴幼儿生长速率影响的研究

Effect of formula fortified with preformed DHA and AA on growth increment of infant

目的 探讨对无法进行母乳喂养儿 ,添加二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)和花生四烯酸 (AA)喂养与婴儿体格发育速率的关系。方法 选择无法母乳喂养儿 166名 ,男 84名 ,女 82名。随机分为配方组 83名 (男 3 9名 ,女 44名 )和在配方奶粉中添加DHA和AA的添加组 83名 (男 45名 ,女 3 8名 )。除配方组不含DHA和AA外 ,两组奶粉配方成分均完全相同。添加组添加的DHA来源于高山被胞霉提取物 ,含量为奶粉中每百克脂肪的 0 .2 % ,AA来源于双鞭甲藻 ,含量为奶粉中每百克脂肪的 0 .3 % ,二者比例为 1∶1.5。另选择母乳喂养儿 89名 (男 47名 ,女 42名 )为对照组。总观察对象为 2 5 5名 ,男13 1名 ,女 12 4名。观察体重、身高和头围等生长发育指标 ,大便次数及性状、口臭、舌苔和眼分泌物等生理耐受性指标。观察频率为出生当日、生后 1、2、4、6、8、10、12周 ,计 8次。结果 3组生长发育距离值表明 ,添加组的体重一直保持第 1位 ,身长从第 3位追至第 2位 (母乳组为第 1位 ) ,头围从第 2位追至第 1位。生长发育增长值显示添加奶粉组对体重、身长和头围 3个参数具有有力的推动力 ,值得注意的是对头围增长的促进极为强劲。在生理相对接受性方面 ,配方组和添加组的两组人工喂养儿与母乳喂养儿的大便性状基本一致 。

Objective To study the effect of formula fortified with preformed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on growth increment of infants who could not be breast fed and compare it with the growth pattern of breast fed infants. Methods One hundred and sixty-six infants ( 74 male and 82 female) who could not be breast fed by their own mother after birth were randomly arranged into the formula feeding group without fortified DHA and AA (non-fortified group, 39 male and 44 female, totally 83 infants) and formula feeding group with preformed DHA and AA (fortified group, 45 male, 38 female, totally 83 infants). A group of 89 infants ( 47 male and 42 female) breast fed by their own mother after birth were enrolled as control group. The DHA in the formula was from Mortierella alpina, and its content in the formula was 0.2% per 100 gram fat of the powder. The AA in the formula was from Crypthecodinium cohnii, and its content in the formula was 0.3% per 100 gram fat in the formula. The ratio of DHA to AA was 1∶1.5. Anthropometric indicators including weight, height and head circumference and physiological acceptance to formulas parameters including stool (frequency and appearance), smell from mouth, coated tongue and eye secretion were observed weekly from birth to 12th week after birth. Results The distance and increment value of growth by the end of observation showed that the fortified group reached the first order in weight and head circumference and the second position in height among 3 group. The pattern and trend of growth of fortified group from birth to 12 weeks after birth were similar to those of the breast fed group. The increment of head circumference in fortified group was even better than that in breast fed group. The physiological acceptance to formula with preformed DHA and AA was nearly equal to that of breast fed group. Conclusion The infants who could not be breast fed by their own mothers should be fed with a fortified formula with preformed DHA and AA in order to let them reach the utmost satisfactory express level of growth. The physiological acceptance of infant formula should be improved by fortifying with DHA and AA.