论中国传统农业的“效率空间”及相关问题

Efficiency Space of Chinese Traditional Agriculture and the Relative Issues

本文提出一个“效率空间”的概念 ,然后从农业起源方式、生活方式和继承制度等三个方面 ,论证中国传统农业不存在效率空间 ,是一种“效率”较高但是没有“效率空间”的农业类型 ,而西方古代农业是一种“效率”较低但是有“效率空间”的农业类型。文章还认为 ,黄宗智教授的“过密型增长”是一种比较典型的、晚期的表现形式。实际上 ,早在秦汉时期 ,中国单一种植业占主导地位的生产模式 ,无需太多的土地即可养活较多的人口 ,对劳动力有较高的需求 ,局部地区已经出现“过密型增长” ,只是因为存在异地移民 ,才使得这种“过密”表现得较隐蔽。近代以后 ,中国东南地区已经无可垦之地 ,才会出现典型的“过密型增长”。

The new concept named efficiency space is invented in this article. From three aspects including original pattern of agriculture,living style and inherit system, the article thinks traditional Chinese agriculture as a kind of agricultural style, which is high efficiency without efficiency space. On the contrast the western ancient agriculture is a kind of agricultural style, which is low efficiency with efficiency space. The paper also points out that the over concentrated growth in agriculture posed by Sr.Huang Zongzhi not only emerged obviously in late Chinese empire,but existed even in Qin-Han periods. In that time this kind of agriculture growth didn't show very obviously because ancient Chinese people translated over-labor from northwestern China to southeastern China. After the eighteenth century there was no land for over labor to plant in China,so people sought for the most gain instead of the most efficiency.