典当业与江南近代农村社会经济关系辨析

Analyses on Relations between Pawnshop and Modern Jiangnan Rural Social Economy

近代江南农村需要向典当融通资金的人口中 ,既有贫困阶层 ,也有富裕阶层。由于富裕阶层有价值的物品较多 ,组织生产、社会交往的支出较大 ,他们与典当的关系较为密切。作为农村传统贷款机构的典当业 ,是连结都市金融市场与农村社会生产的纽带 ,对调剂农村金融、保障农副业生产、稳定社会治安有着积极意义。典当业内部严格的管理 ,培养了一批通晓农村社会实际的职员 ,这些职员事实上成了现代农业公司的人才储备。在对农村服务的过程中 ,典当业与新式金融机构银行结成了相互补充、相互利用、共同发展的关系 。

Among the peasants who had to borrow loan from pawnshop, there was some poverty class as well as wealthy class. Pawnshop was the link between urban money market and rural social production, and it also had adjusted rural finance, ensured agriculture and its auxiliary production, stabilized rural public security. In fact, the pawnshop staffer was a kind of talent repertory of modern rural company. In the course of serving rural society, pawnshop and bank took the advantages of each other,and became the better department to serve rural society.