旱作地豆科牧草引种试验

Introduction Experiment of Forage Legumes under Non-irrigated Condition

本文介绍了在乌鲁木齐旱作栽培条件下,对29份豆科牧草进行3年(1986～1988年)试验后,筛选出具有抗旱、抗寒和丰产等特性的4种类型优良牧草。 1)割草型牧草:有图牧二号紫花苜蓿、图牧一号杂花苜蓿、石河子杂花苜蓿和麦罗斯红豆草。产量高、营养丰富,干草产量9326～10476kg/ha,适宜半干旱地区建立割草场利用。 2)放牧型牧草:有白花野豌豆、草原黄芪和谢家沟岩黄芪。草质好,蛋白质含量高(24～26％),耐牧、再生性好,干草产量3975～5400kg/ha,适宜半干旱地区建立放牧草场利用。 3)防风固沙型牧草:胡枝子和山竹岩黄芪,抗旱性强、青绿期长,干草产量4624.5～4900.5kg/ha,宜在干旱沙漠地区作防风固沙兼牧草用。 4)水土保持型牧草:草藤其茎枝多、生长快、覆盖地面大、产量高,干草产量6750kg/ha,宜在水土流失地区作水土保持及牧草利用。

Twenty-nine forage legume accessions were evaluated without irrigation in Urumqi from 1986to 1988, and four fine types with high yield capacity and high resistances to drought and cold were selected.(Ⅰ)Cutting type. Including Tumu No.2(Medicago sativa L.), Tumu No.1(M. varia Martyn), Shihezi(M. varia)and M(?)lrosc(Onobrychis viciifolis Scop.). These accessions showed high forage yield and quality, hay yields varied from 9325.5kg/ha to 10476kg/ha. This type could be used for cutting grassland establishment in semi-arid area.(Ⅱ)Grazing type. Including 86-18(Vicia costata Ldb.), 86-21(Hedysarum gmelinii Lab.) and 86-12 Astradlus adsurgensPall. This type showed good forage quality, high protein content(24% to 26%), rapid regrowth rate and good tolerance to grazing. Hay yield varied from 3975kg/ha to 5400kg/ha. They are suitable to grazing grassland establishment in semi-arid area.(Ⅲ)Wind-protecting and sand-fixation type. Including 86-32(H. fruticosum Poll.) and 86-25(Lesoedeza biocolor Turcz.). This type showed high resistance to drought, long greenish period. Hay yield varied from 4624.5kg/ha to 4900.5kg/ha. They are suitable to be used as sand and wind protecting in arid and desert area, also 86-20 be used for grazing. (Ⅵ)Water and Soil preserving type. 86-20(Vicia cracca) could branch a lot, regrow rapidly, cover large area and yield highly. Hay yield was 6750kg/ha. It could be used in deep erosion area for soil protecting and grazing.