十五种心身疾病的心理社会因素调查分析

A Survey of Psychosocial Factors of Psychosomatic Diseases

目的 :探讨一些常见心身疾病的有关心理社会因素 ,为临床防治心身疾病提供资料。方法 :采用艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)、症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、自评抑郁量表 (SDS)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、社会支持评定量表 (SSRS)、防御方式问卷 (DSQ)等 ,对原发性高血压、冠心病、十二指肠球部溃疡、功能性消化不良、甲亢、糖尿病、偏头痛、复发性口腔溃疡、颞颌关节紊乱病、慢性荨麻疹、湿疹、更年期综合症、过敏性鼻炎、肥胖症、支气管哮喘等十五种心身疾病患者各 10 0人 ,共 15 0 0人进行测量。并选择健康体检人群 15 0 0人 ,按上述各病种的年龄、性别、职业等相匹配组成各病种的对照组。结果 :①除单纯性肥胖外各种疾病组EPQ的N分均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。②各疾病组SCL -90焦虑因子分均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。③除过敏性鼻炎和单纯肥胖症外十三种心身疾病的SAS评分明显高于相应的对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而十二指肠球部溃疡、功能性消化不良、甲亢、糖尿病、偏头痛、支气管哮喘、更年期综合症等SDS得分明显高于相应的对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。④心身疾病患者压抑、回避、抱怨等防御方式得分较高。社会支持总分、主观支持和社会支持利用度均低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :个性、应付方式、社会支持等心理社会因?

Objective:To investigate the psychsocial factors of some psychosomatic diseases.Methods:1500 patients with psychosomatic diseases, including primary hypertension,coronary heart disease,duodenal bulb ulcer,functional dyspepsia, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, migraine,recurrent aphthous ulcer,disturbances syndrome of temporo-mandibular joint,chronic urticaria,eczema,menopausal syndrome,allergic rhinitis,obesity and bronchial asthma,with every 100 patients for each disease were sampled as the subjects.The EPQ,SCL-90,SAS,SDS,the Social support Rating Scale(SSRS),and the Defense Styles Questionnaire(DSQ) were used to assess the related psychosocial factors.Results:Patients with psychosomatic diseases got significantly higher EPQ-N score,SAS and SDS score,and lower scores of social supporting than the control group.The patients used much more defense ways of repression,avoidance and complaining. Conclusion:Psychosocial factors,such as personality,social supporting and defense styles played important roles in the onset and development of psychosomatic diseases.