中国北方农牧交错带生态系统的独特性及其治理开发的生态学原则

Unique ecosystem characters and ecological principles for development in the ecotones between agriculture and pasture in north China.

基于我国农牧交错带生态恶化问题迄今未解决的现实 ,对此带的现行定义进行了再思考 ,提出它是在独特的历史和人文背景下逐渐形成的一种动态区域 ,因而似不宜从地理学或生态学或植被学的角度单一地研究其属性 ,将其仅仅看作为生态过渡带 ,而应更多注意其生态 社会 经济复合系统的特性 ,并据此考虑治理对策 .我国北方农牧交错带兼具生态服务和支持相当密度人口的生存、发展两大功能 ,在不可能照搬发达国家治理途径的前提下 ,须采用跨学科的方法 ,寻找能较好地协调生态与经济关系 ,符合自然和经济规律的农业结构及相应资源利用和维护方向的新途径 ,确立以有利于提高“生态系统生产力”水平 ,从而为受损生态系统提供较多启动能 /物流和货币流的草、畜支柱产业及其植被重建的策略 .

Based on the fact that its ecological deterioration , a rethinking on the former definition of 'transitional zone between agriculture and grassland' was proposed. It was recognized that this zone has been gradually and dynamically formed under the specific circumstances of history and anthroponomy in China. It should thus be re defined as 'ecotone between agriculture and pasture',instead of just focusing on its features of geography, ecology, and vegetation separately, as well as its character of transition. More attention should be put on its nature of complex system of ecology, society and economy, and then, derive relevant abating measures. Boreal ecotone has the functions of life support for a relatively dense population, as well as ecosystem services. Under the premise of unable copying the models for arid and semiarid areas in abroad, in particular developed countries, an unique strategy of capable of compromising both above mentioned functions, as well as ecological reconstruction, which is embodied in readjusting agro structure, rationally utilizing and conserving resources, and establishing 'polar' industries, such as grasses and livestock, should be the center of an interdisciplinary study approach.