制度转型与分层结构的变迁——阶层相对关系模式的“双重再生产”

Institutional Transformation and Changes in Stratification Structure ——Continued Reproduction of the Pattern of Relative Relations among Social Strata

本文集中讨论了制度转型与分层结构变化的关系问题 ,认为在向市场转型的过程中 ,市场机制的发展可以在很大程度上改变资源分配的过程 ,但是 ,由国家主导的改良式变迁以及一系列制度性因素 ,决定了阶层间相对关系的模式并没有发生根本性的重组 ,原有以阶层再生产为主要特征的相对关系模式在制度转型过程中仍然被持续地再生产出来。作者认为 ,社会分层模式的构成及变化 ,并非仅仅取决于经济机制或经济—技术理性的功能需求 ,而是同时在社会和政治的过程中被形塑 ,因而是特定制度环境和转型过程的结果。“市场”不仅由经济行为和经济关系所构成 ,还包含了社会、政治、文化的逻辑和权力的实施。

This paper centers on relations between institutional transformation and changes in stratification structure. In the transition to a market economy, the emerging market mechanisms are capable of changing the process of resource allocation to a large degree. However,the reformist changes initiated by the state and a series of institutional factors have predetermined no fundamental reorganization of the pattern of social strata relations,and the former pattern of relative relations characteristic of reproduction of social strata is still being reproduced. Patterns of social stratification, in the author's view, are not merely decided by economic mechanisms or the functional demands of economic technical rationality, but are moulded by social and political processes as well. Hence they are the outcome of a specific institutional environment and transformation process. The market is not solely a matter of economic actions and relations: it also includes social, political and cultural logic and power in these fields. Both economic technical rationality and economic mechanisms are found in specific institutional structures.