道德的认识之维

The Knowing Dimensions of Morality

从善的确认,到善的选择;从知善到行善,道德认识展开于道德领域的各个方面。就道德规范而言,其形成既以价值的认定及社会伦理关系的把握为前提,同时又体现了一定的道德理想,其中蕴含着认识的内容。道德领域更内在的认识论问题,涉及对善本身的把握。认识主体的整体性或具体性以及与之相联系的认知与评价的相融、经验与体验的结合,直觉与逻辑思维的统一,构成了道德认识所以可能的基本前提。作为道德知识与价值信念的统一,道德认识在确认何者为善的同时,也要求将这种确认化为行动;就道德认识的实践趋向而言,关于当然的知识,不仅需回答“应当做什么”,而且要回答“应当如何做?”惟有如此,才能扬弃自发性与盲目性而真正赋予道德行为以合理的品格。

Moral norms, which involve understanding of values and relations among people, contain the content of cognition. Why is the moral knowledge possible? This is one of fundamental issues in moral sphere. To resolve this issue, we should regard the knower as the concrete or the whole subject, understand the cognition and valuation are two aspects of the same process of knowing, combine the experience with reflection, and unify the intuition with logical thinking.