从社会医学角度整体地关照病人的需要

The Need for the Development of A Systemic Sociomedical Patient Care

医学模式代表了三个主要历史时代发生的特征性变化 ,这三个时代是前工业化时代、工业时代及我们目前正在步入的后工业化时代。需要讨论的是 ,如果要展开真正有效的社会医学实践 ,不仅医学知识 ,并且医务人员必须经历一个根本的转变。从历史上看 ,医生学到的是将医学界定为应用生物学及将疾病界定为机体器官、组织的结构和功能的不正常。但社会科学观点可以帮助医生认识病和症的区别 ,即它们仅仅是在病理心理学过程与病人的实际疾病的体验之间上有所区别。

A model of medicine is presented that characterizes changes that have taken place across three broad historical periods, pre-industrial, industrial, and the post-industrial period which we are now just beginning. I argue that not only knowledge but the knower must undergo fundamental change if you are to develop a truly effective sociomedical practice. Historically, physicians have been taught to conceptualize medicine as an applied biology and disease as an abnormality in the structure and function of body organs and tissues. Social science perspectives, however, can help physicians recognize the distinction between disease and illness (dis-ease), that is, between merely pathophysiological processes and patients' actual experiences of disease.