广东省海水养殖对海区环境影响的夏季调查

Effect of Marine Culture on the Quality of Coastal Water in Guangdong Province in the Summer

在 2 0 0 0年夏季对广东省汕头、惠阳、珠海、阳江和湛江等沿海地区一些养殖区域与非养殖区域水体中氮、磷和浮游动植物等指标进行测定 ,分析夏季海水养殖给海区水环境造成的压力 .结果表明 ,养殖区总氮、颗粒态总氮、总磷、颗粒态总磷含量分别为 0 5 0 6～ 1 2 44μmol/L、0 3 67～ 1 0 66μmol/L、0 1 1 2～ 0 2 3 2 μmol/L、0 0 5 4～0 1 5 7μmol/L ,这些指标在养殖区高于非养殖区 ;养殖区与非养殖区的溶解态总氮、溶解态总磷、总氮总磷比值、溶解态总氮溶解态总磷比值无显著性差异 .5个地点养殖区与非养殖区的浮游植物主要是角毛藻属Chaetoceros中的种类占优势 ;而浮游动物中占优势的主要是桡足类 ,包括成体与无节幼体 .水产养殖对养殖海区浮游动植物的种类数目与总个体数均无显著影响 ,但影响了生物多样性 ,并对某些浮游生物种类有促进作用或抑制作用 .

The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and plankton in aquatic areas and non sea farming areas, which were found in Shantou, Huiyang, Zhuhai, Yangjiang and Zhanjiang in Guangdong Province respectively, were measured in 2000 in the summer with the aim of estimating the environmental problem of marine culture. The concentration of total nitrogen(TN), particle total nitrogen(PTN), total phosphorus(TP), particle total phosphorus(PTP) in aquatic areas, which were 0 506～1 244μmol/L, 0 367～1 066μmol/L, 0 112～0 232μmol/L and 0 054～0 157μmol/L respectively, were higher than non sea farming areas, but marine culture had no effect on the concentration of dissolvable total nitrogen(DTN) and dissolvable total phosphorus(DTP), TN∶TP ratios and DTN∶DTP ratios. The most phytoplankton in both aquatic areas and non sea farming areas was Chaetoceros , and that of zooplankton was Copepoda(including adult and larva). Marine culture affected the diversity of plankton and the population densities of some species, but not to the number of plankton kinds and the total individuals of all phytoplankton or all zooplankton.