影响我国耕地利用的若干重大因素及对策调整思路

DETERMINANTS OF CULTIVATED LAND UTILIZATION IN CHINA AND NEW THOUGHTS FOR ADJUSTMENT

我国耕地对保障国家粮食安全做出了巨大贡献 ,然而 ,多种因素正在对耕地利用施加有利、不利的影响。该文分析了全球环境、社会经济、粮食安全思想等方面的变化及其给耕地利用造成的影响 ,并提出了耕地利用对策的调整思路 :①适当缩减耕地特别是西部地区的劣质耕地 ,诱导耕地分布重心向东、向南回移、明显提升耕地环境背景质量 ,进一步巩固嫩江平原、三江平原、淮北低平原、江淮地区、鄱阳湖平原、洞庭湖平原、江汉平原、四川盆地等粮食主产区的产粮地位 ;②采取得力措施加强粮食主产区基础设施建设、推进主产区土地整理、调动主产区农民从事口粮生产的积极性 ;③根据比较优势理论安排耕地用途 ,诱导各地长期、稳定生产最具优势的品种 。

It is no doubt that cultivated land plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the food security of China. Unfortunately, there are many factors that will exert negative or positive influence on cultivated land. With globalization, the international socio-economic environment and food security ideas have greatly changed, which have brought about many impacts on cultivated land utilization. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the determinant of cultivated land utilization in China, and then countermeasures for feasible land use are presented. It is suggested that cultivated land areas in Western China should not be expanded and the role of key grain-production regions, such as the Nenjiang Plain, the Sanjiang Plain, the Huaibei Low Plain, the Jianghuai District, the Poyanghu Lake Plain, The Dongtinghu Lake Plain, the Jianghan Plain and the Sichuan Basin, should be strengthened. From this perspective, infrastructure construction should be strengthened in the main grain-production regions in order to encourage the peasants' enthusiasm to yield grain. Finally, it is argued the cultivated land should be used according to regional comparative advantage and, thereby, agricultural regions with competitive agricultural products can be formed.