贵金属纳米材料及其产业化过程

Nanomaterials of Precious Metals and Its Industrializing Process

对贵金属纳米材料的种类、用途、产业化方法和发展趋势等内容进行了综合评述。贵金属纳米材料包括贵金属单质和化合物纳米粉体材料、贵金属新型大分子纳米材料和贵金属膜材料等几大类。随着国家对黄金和白银专控政策的放开和纳米技术与传统的贵金属深加工产业的结合 ,贵金属纳米材料作为一类在工业生产中起着重要作用的新材料 ,具有良好的发展前景。非负载型贵金属纳米粉末常用化学还原法、光化学合成法、电化学沉积法以及热物理法等方法进行生产 ,负载型贵金属纳米粉体材料则一般采取化学法 (浸渍法、离子交换法和吸附法等 )生产。这两类贵金属粉体材料是目前获得工业应用最多的贵金属纳米材料。贵金属纳米材料的产业化过程有其特殊性 ,其发展趋势可以概括为改造、降本。

Nanopowders, nano scale novel macromolecules and membranes of precious metals and their compounds are the main sorts of nanomaterials of precious metals. As the unclasping of special governing policy upon gold and silver being implemented, and the combination of nano science and technology with traditional deep processing procedure (DPP) of precious metals is carried out nanomaterials of precious metals are playing a more and more important role in industry, and are showing clear prospect. The manufacture method of un laden nanopowders of precious metals includes chemical reduction, photo induction, electrochemical deposition and physical heating. The chemical methods as dip molding, ionic exchange and adsorption methods are the main production methods of laden nanopowders respectively. Un laden and laden nanopowders are the main nanomaterials of precious metals that have applied most frequently in industry at present. The industrializing process of the nanomaterials of precious metals has its own specialities and the developing direction can be summarized as reforming the traditional industry, reducting the production cost, intensificating the manufacture scale and multifunction the product.