工作记忆中央执行功能的特异性和可分离性

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE, FLUID INTELLIGENCE, AND AGING: IS CENTRAL EXECUTIVE UNIQUE AND UNITARY?

采用 3种中央执行功能 ,对中央执行功能的特异性和可分离性进行研究。选取青年和老年被试各 31名。每位被试都要参加 3种中央执行功能 2个难度水平的任务和瑞文标准推理测验。结果发现 :记忆刷新的年龄效应不能完全由液态智力的年龄差异来解释 ;虽然同种执行功能内不同难度任务的年龄效应类似 ,但不同执行功能的年龄效应不同 ,从大到小依次为记忆刷新、随机生成和选择性注意 ;控制液态智力的影响后 ,同种执行功能内不同难度任务间的相关仍然显著 ,而不同中央执行功能之间的相关不显著 ;另外 ,本实验条件下选择性注意与液态智力相关不显著 ,且不存在年老化现象。研究结果表明中央执行功能相对于液态智力具有一定的特异性 ,并且可以进一步分离为一些相互独立的子功能。

To explore the unique and unitary of CEF, three CEFs(random generation, selective attention, and memory updating) wereconsidered. Subjects were 31 young adults and 31 old adults. Each subject attended 6 tasks of 2 difficult levels of 3 CEFsand RAVENS test. The results showed that 1) age effect was significant on random generation and memory updating(MU). However, there was no age effect on selectiveattention. 2) The age effect was significant on MUeven if age deficits in FI were controlled. 3) Although different levels had similar ageeffect(a strong all-or-none effect) within each CEF, different CEFsdid not. 4) After FI was statisticallycontrolled,the correlation between different CEF tasks was not significant, but thecorrelation between different levels within each CEF was still significant.These results suggested that the deficit in CEFshould be unique, and at least partially independent of age differences in general FI(referring to result 2, 4); moreover, CEF shouldnotbea unitary system but include separable functions(referring to result 1, 3).