隐喻的认知过程与语义特征

The cognitive process and semantic feature of metaphor

人类通过隐喻的相似性来认知周围的世界,当然这种认知过程是漫长的,而且是逐渐加深的。认知过程大致经历了AisB、AislikeB和Aisas asB三个阶段。第一阶段属于根隐喻阶段,是认知的基础;第二阶段属于派生隐喻阶段,是认知的中介;而第三阶段也属于派生隐喻阶段,是认知的最高形式。一个隐喻结构的长短映照认知程度的高低和相似程度的大小。

Human beings perceive things in the world around them by means of metaphorical similarity. Of course, this cognitive process is very long and gradually deepened. The cognitive process roughly goes through such three stages as A is B, A is like B, and A is as... as B. The first stage belongs to that of radical metaphor which is the cognitive foundation, the second stage to that of derivative metaphor which is the cognitive medium, and the third also to derivative metaphor which is the hightest cognitive form. A longer or shorter metaphorical structure maps both a higher or lower cognivite degree and a more or less similar degree.