中国银行业结构变迁及其发展趋势

Structure Changes and Development Trend of China's Banking Industry

在既有的 2 0多年改革中 ,中国银行业走过了一条从单一的国有金融产权完全垄断到多种产权形式初具竞争的渐进道路 ,其结构变迁呈现出明显的阶段性特征。由于改革的路径依赖以及政府对银行业的严格管制 ,当前国有银行仍占垄断地位 ,非国有银行的竞争力明显不足 ,整个银行体系的经营绩效连年下滑。加入WTO意味着中国银行业将进入全面开放时期 ,不仅对外资银行而且对民营银行的进入壁垒将会逐步拆除。体制内外产权改革的并进将使未来中国银行业的结构走向多元化、多层次的竞争局面。

In the past two decades, the structure of China's banking industry has changed gradually from monopoly to preliminary competition, during which each phase has its characteristics. Presently, state-owned commercial banks are still monopolistic to a large extent and the competition ability of other banks is not much enough. Moreover, the performance of the whole banking industry has fallen into a decline for years. The entry to WTO means an overall open, and the ownership reform, happening both in the inside and outside of the system simultaneously, will promote China's banking industry to plurality and multi-levers.