磁悬浮列车轨道梁机加工方法的研究

Study of Manufacturing of Maglev train girder

磁悬浮列车是现代新兴的交通工具,它具有速度高、能耗低、噪音小、启动速度快、安全舒适、低污染、维护少等一系列优点。第一条商业运行线路即将在上海建成,采用高架、铺设轨道梁形式。轨道梁采用钢-砼复合结构,并通过数控机床对轨道梁上的预埋件进行加工来保证轨道梁的制造精度。由于轨道梁重量大,不易移动,因此很难找正。本文利用数控机床对轨道梁进行测量后,采用最小二乘法对理论数据和测量数据进行拟和,使其满足每个测量点到标准曲面的距离平方和达到最小的原理,找到最优的加工位置,实现对轨道梁的精确定位并进行加工。该方法已经在实际生产中得到应用,并且取得了相当好的效果。

Maglev train is one of modern new vehicles. It has manycharacteristics, such as high-speed, no wearing out, much less noisethan traditional trains, safety and comfort, and so on. The firstcommercial maglev train will be built in Shanghai Pudong in 2003.It is designed of overhead girder. The railway girder is a reinforcedconcrete girder. Because of the design, the girder has nearly twohundred tons and is quite difficultly moved. Further more, a girderof locating is nicety and machining requires more precision. We usetwo CNC machine tools to measure the position of the girder andadopt method of the minimum squares of fit surface with standardcurved surface in three-dimensional space, the principle is to makeit satisfy the quadratic sum of distance from each measuring pointto standard curved surface is the minimum, and optimize the posi-tion of machining, and finishing machining. We use the nicety ofcomputer to develop a set of software to automatic programming.The software is used in machining and the effect is obvious.