明清时期北京寺庙园林的几种类型

Several Types of Alter and MonasteryGardens Built in Beijing During theMing and Qing Dynasty Period of China

本文主要按园林位置、布局、功能的不同,将中国明清时期北京寺庙园林分成3种类型:(1)寺庙庭园,即以寺庙建筑为主,用树木,花卉、清泉、水溪、山石及台榭、亭廊点缀其间,如法源寺;(2)寺庙附属园林,即于寺庙外专辟独立园林,以园林为主,辅以建筑小品,如月河梵院及白云观;(3)山林寺庙,即寺庙设于风景区,寺庙与山水、森林的自然环境融为一体,为宗教与自然风景的结合,如潭柘寺、戒台寺等.本文结合上述3种类型的典型寺庙,论述其造园的手法及艺术特色.

Mainly from the angle of parks and gardens planning anddesign, this article divides the altar and monastery gardens built in Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasty period of China into three types: (1) Home gardens of temples. This kind of garden takes temple buildings as principal part, they are embellished with trees and flowers, springs and streams, stones and rockerys, terraced buildings, pavilions and verandas. Fayuan Temple belongs to this type. ( 2 ) Gardens attached to temples. Gardens of this type are set up outside ofmonasteries, separately. They take the landscape as the main part and.addedsome man-made structures, such as terraces, pavilions and verandas. Moon-river Temple and White-cloud Temple are included in this type. ( 3 ) Forestry temples. These temples are set up in scenic spots, mixed together with forests, mountains and water in a natural environment, combining religion with natural landscapes. Such as Tanzhe Temple and Jietai Temple. Combined with examples in the aforesaid three types of temples, the article explaines garden making techniques and the artistic characteristics of altar and monastery gardens built in Beijing during the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties of China.