镰刀形谷(Oryza sativa L.)的粒形遗传及其演化初探

Preliminary Study on Inheritance and Evolution of Sickle-shaped Grain in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

对不同地理区域、不同粒形的26个亲本、41个 F_1组合、9个 F_2群体的研究表明:①镰刀形谷粒属于隐性核遗传;②粒形受少数几个主基因及许多修饰基因控制。谷粒的镰刀形是由多个修饰基因逐步发生隐性突变积累而成,其中主要是粒长的突变;③西亚的镰刀谷的分化比东亚梗不是在时间上更晚就是在程度上更深;④宽大粒形也可能是后分化类型;⑤在东亚,粒形有随纬度升高而变短、宽的趋势。

Twenty-six rice cultivars from various regional areas and grain shapes,fourty-one F_1 generations and nine F_2 populations was studied.The results indicated that 1:the heredity on shape of sickle-grain belongs in rec- cessive nuclear inheritance;2:the inheritance of grain shape is under control of a few master genes and many modifiers,and the sickle shaped grain might evolved from the accumulation in reccessive mutations of many modifiers,speci- ally in the length of grain;3:the evolution of sickle-shaped rice in West Asia may be either much later or much deeper than ellispe-grain of japonice rice in East Asia;4:the wide-big type of grain may be late differentiatied too.Besi- des,there is a trend that the shape of grain in rice goes to shorter and wider with the increase of degree north latitude in East Asia.