梨园杀虫剂的环境风险评价

Environmental Risk Assessment on Pesticide Used in Pear Orchard

评价了某雪花梨栽培试验园区施用的杀虫剂对周围环境的风险性 ,其中包括 :利用化学物质排毒系数评价法对梨园杀虫剂进行初步风险识别 ;非突发性水环境污染风险分析 ,采用瞬时点源一维河流模型对杀虫剂因事故性泄漏水体造成的风险进行预测 ;简要说明了杀虫剂进入土壤的途径及其对施药区和非施药区土壤的危害 ;采用高斯烟团模式 ,通过大气取样 ,对杀虫剂超常量喷施进入大气后的浓度分布进行统计分析 ,测算出杀虫剂在不同浓度范围出现的相对频率 。

The environmental risk of the pesticides used in a testing pear orchard is assessed,which includes the primary risk identification with toxin-discharge coefficient assessment method for chemical material,non-accidental pollution risk analysis of water environment,and risk prediction of pesticide accidental leakage into water body with instantaneous point-source one-dimension river-model.The tracks,by which the pesticides enter soil,and the harms to target soil and non-target soil are illuminated.The concentration distribution of the pesticides sprayed into the air is statistically analyzed with Gauss model and weather sampling, their relative frequency in different concentration ranges is estimated and identifying their harmful probability to the air quality of residential area is identified as well.