从“多”到“一”再回到“多”——从亚里士多德与斯宾诺莎关于本体的学说之比较看哲学发展的趋势

From "one" to "many" and then back to "many" --the comparison of Aristotle and Spinoza' ideas of Substance

本体是传统西方哲学中的一个根本性的范畴。而亚里士多德和斯宾诺莎分别是古代和近代两位具有代表性的重要哲学家。将他们两人关于本体的学说放在一起加以比较 ,可以突显出它们之间“多”和“一”的不同 ,并据此来反照现代性和后现代性之争的本质 ,以及帮助我们思考哲学发展的最新趋势。

Substance is an ultimate category in traditional western philosophy. Aristotle is the most important philosopher in ancient Greek philosophy and Spinoza is a very great philosopher in modern philosophy. Putting their ideas of substance together, so that making their differences emerging and the essence of the debate of modernity and post-modernity clear, and then helping us thinking about the up-to-the-minute trend of philosophy developing, are the main aims of this article.