战争书写与记忆叠加——清代的《扬州慢》创作

The Writing about Wars and Overlying of Memories:A Study of the Tune Yangzhouman in the Qing Dynasty

姜夔创作的《扬州慢》,以具体城市为对象,写出战争摧残下的今昔之感。这种模式,在词体文学的创作中是一种创造,也有着重要的影响力。从宋末元初开始,不少作家借鉴这种模式,或者写往事,或者写时事,往往以当下的记忆,融入传统的记忆,不断增加新的内容,不断展示新的联想,从而使得《扬州慢》所开创的传统,也不断得到延续。创作《扬州慢》,并不一定都要写扬州,但其内容往往都和城市有关,这构成了文学中城市书写的一个重要方面。本文通过具体的作品分析,以小见大,探讨了战争和文学发展的关系,探讨了文学创作中记忆的连续性,以及在文学发展的过程中,同一模式的后继创作,作为一种重要的文学批评手段,对于作品的经典化所起到的重要意义。

Tune Yangzhouman by Jiang Kui expressed the sense of vicissitudes in the contrast before and after the war in the city of Yangzhou,which was the initiative in literary style and exerted big influence over the followers. From the transitional period between Song and Yuan,there were lots of ci writers following Jiang’s writing style and writing about the past and the present,by putting their present memory into the past and succeeding the tradition of the Tune Yangzhouman in new contents and associations. The ci poetry of the Tune Yangzhouman are not only about the city of Yangzhou,and the writing of the cities has been an important part of the literature. This paper discussed the relation between the wars and cities,the sustainability of memories in literature,pointing out the significance of the successive writing of the same model to the canonization of the works in the literary development.