经济全球化辨析与中国道路的世界意义

Analysis of Economic Globalization and the World Significance of China Path

20世纪80年代以来,在经济全球化过程中世界各国的联系不断加强。然而,在全球化带来空前繁荣的同时也面临诸多反对声音,其中既有部分发展中国家面对全球两极分化的现实从而"反全球化",又有部分发达国家将本国衰落归咎于全球化进而"逆全球化"。归根究底,对于经济全球化的认识存在严重误区。反思全球化进程中富国更富、穷国更穷的现实困境,首先要破除经济全球化等于西方化的错误认知。其次,经济全球化不是去工业化。基于比较优势的国际贸易理论过于强调贸易的重要性,陷入"贸易原教旨主义"而忽视了生产对于一国经济发展的重要性。再者,经济全球化不是完全市场化。新自由主义过于强调市场化违背了这样一个事实,即市场的跨国性与政府的国界性是全球化的一组悖论。对发达国家而言,全球化正是其崛起的主要原因,资本主义生产方式下平均利润率下降导致的去工业化和过度金融化才是西方衰落的真正原因。与此同时,改革开放的40年正是中国融入全球化的40年,全球化视野下中国道路的成功至少具有以下三点意义:第一,在普遍主义与特殊主义之间寻求平衡,凸显国家主体性;第二,注重以政府为主体的有效市场的建构,保持国家竞争优势;第三,突破国强必霸的西方逻辑,回归全球化的价值属性。

Since the 1980 s,economic globalization has been regarded as a definite trend and strengthening the relation among countries.While globalization has brought unprecedented prosperity,it has also faced many voices of opposition.Some developing countries have faced the reality of global polarization and thus'anti-globalization.'Meanwhile,some developed countries attribute their decline to globalization and then'de-globalization.'In the final analysis,there are serious misunderstandings about economic globalization.To reflect on the reality of rich countries richer and poor countries poorer in the process of globalization,we must firstly eliminate the erroneous perception that economic globalization is equal to westernization.Second,economic globalization is not deindustrialization.The international trade theory based on comparative advantage emphasizes the importance of trade too much and falls into'trade fundamentalism,'which neglects the importance of production to a country’s economic development.Moreover,economic globalization is not completely market-oriented.Neo-liberalism emphasizes too much marketization against the fact that the transnational nature of the market and the borderline nature of the government are a paradox of globalization.For developed countries,globalization is the main reason for their rise.The deindustrialization and over-financialization caused by the decline of average profit margin under the capitalist mode of production are the real reasons for the decline of the West.At the same time,the 40 years of reform and opening up is exactly the 40 years of China’s integration into globalization.The success of China Path under the vision of globalization has at least the following three significances:first,seek a balance between universalism and particularism to highlight national subjectivity;second,pay attention to the construction of effective market with the government as the main body to maintain the national competitive advantage;third,break through the western logic of national power and hegemony,return to the value attribute of globalization,and strive to build a community with a shared future for mankind.