地方变迁中的民族主义——基于殖民地广州湾的考察

Nationalism in a Changing Local Society: A Study on Colonial Guangzhouwan

法国殖民地广州湾容易被学界所忽视,但基于广州湾的个案考察,能够从地方视角揭示出中国民族主义形成与演进的内在逻辑,也可重新检视当前"原生主义"和"现代主义"的民族主义研究范式。本文从长时段角度探讨了民族主义在广州湾的历史根源以及变迁过程。由于国家与地方社会的互动,处于边缘地方的广州湾被逐步整合进大一统体系,形成了宗族制社会结构,塑造了传统的国家认同,并为近代反殖民主义和政党动员提供了可以利用和改造的象征符号和组织资源。广州湾的民族主义形式最终转向中国共产党领导的"国家建设"民族主义。殖民地广州湾的民族主义既非现代建构的产物,亦非原生性情感意识,这反映出中国国家建设迥异于西方政治的独特性。

The academic literature pays less attention to the former French colony of Guangzhouwan.Based on the research of Guangzhouwan,however,we not only explore the inner logic of the formation and evolution of Chinese nationalism from a local perspective but also re-examine the dominant paradigms of'primordialism'and'modernism'in nationalism studies.From the longue durée perspective,this paper discusses the deep historical roots and changes of nationalism in Guangzhouwan.Due to the interaction between state and local society,Guangzhouwan,as the periphery of imperial China,has been integrated into the unified dynasty.It further argues that the establishment of clan society and the shaping of traditional national identity were consequences of these shifts,which provided symbols and organizational resources for the modern anti-colonialism and partisan mobilization.Moreover,the form of nationalism finally turned to the state-building nationalism led by the CCP in Guangzhouwan.It suggests that the nationalism of colonial Guangzhouwan is neither the product of modern construction nor the primordial attachment.Therefore,the case of Guangzhouwan reflects the particularity of the Chinese nation-state building that is different from the West.