杜甫与白居易——兼论其“独善”和共生思想

Du Fu and Bai Juyi: Concurrently on Their Self-Righteous Thought and Symbiotic Thought

杜甫与白居易,人们一直以来都认为两者诗作风格有很大的不同。的确,杜甫的诗充满悲哀,白居易的诗与杜甫的诗比起来较为开朗。杜诗的表现很精妙,白诗很平明。但是,他们的诗作中实际上有很重要的共通之处。此共通之点在内容上、形式上都可以看出。杜甫的诗现存共1457首(据仇兆鳌《杜诗详注》),~①白诗共有2863首~②。论数量,白居易比杜甫多得多。但是,看其创作频率,情况却不一样。杜甫40岁前,诗的总数只有四十余首,有些年没有创作诗。从40岁到去世,他每年创作的诗平均是70首。白居易在28岁前每年写作只有几首,从29岁到去世的四十七年间,每年平均是60首左右。从两人的诗歌可以看出天下、社会以及人生经验诸多方面的问题。白居易的诗历来被视作一种日记,杜甫的诗也是。白居易的诗还被认为是一种百科词典,杜甫的诗也是。本文的目的在于考察杜诗与白诗中存在的共通之处,同时论证杜诗的先驱性,以期拓宽、加深对两人诗作的欣赏度。

It is constantly agreed that there is huge difference between the styles of Du Fu and Bai Juyi.Admittedly,the poetry of Du is filled of sadness while that of Bai is comparatively uplifted.Du’s poems work on delicacy while Bai’s are known for their plainness.However,in fact they share something important in common which could be detected from the contexts and the forms.The extant Du’s poems amount to 1457,and Bai’s 2863,much more than Du’s.Their creation frequency is quite different from each other.Du wrote only 40 poems before he was 40 years old,and he didn’t write anything in some years.Ever since 40,he created 70 poems annually in average.In Bai’s case,he had only a few poems extant before 28,but in the later 47 years 60 poems annually in average.Both of their works reflected various issues of the world,society,and life experiences.Bai’s poetry is considered as a kind of diary.So is it in the case of Du.Bai’s poetry is also regarded as an encyclopedic reference.So is it Du’s.This article is aimed to examine the similarity of their poetry,and provide more evidences on Du’s pioneering influence.It hopes to expand and deepen the appreciation of their work.