感应与调适:元明易代两起祥瑞的文学意义发微

Sensing or Adjusting: Elucidating the Literary Significance of Two Auspicious Signs During the Dynastic Changes from Yuan to Ming

世当元明易代鼎革之际,两起祥瑞同时异地并出,颇引起东南士绅的关注,亦激发相关叙咏与解读。其一,至正二十年(1360)春某月日,在西昌石塘萧氏故居之旧址,于蓬蒿瓦砾中突产瑞芝二本;其二,也正是在这一年春二月某日,金华硕儒宋濂应聘将赴金陵,临行前自占得'文物之祥'。透过这两起祥瑞之表象,可考见其文学意义迥异:前者,表征为西昌十名贤对文明发祥的感应,而在明初政治高压下有更强的适应性;后者,表征为浙东文人入明后的文学观调适,而在明初政治高压下缺乏更强的适应性。正因为得益于自身更强的适应性,西昌文人在政治高压下保有后劲,而将西昌雅正文学接引入馆阁,后又将馆阁文学风范推广到朝野;也正是受累于自身更弱的适应性,浙东文人在政治高压下缺乏后劲,因使其调适过的文学观不合时用,最终导致浙东文学传统顿然消歇。

There were two auspicious signs in two allopatric areas which had received much attention and interpretation among the southeast gentry during the dynastic changes from the Yuan to Ming.The one was the sudden appearance of two ganodermas in the rubble of Xiao family’s former residence in spring in the twentieth year of Zhizheng reign during the Yuan Dynasty.The other was that Song Lian,a great Confucian of Jinhua had the divination of an auspicious omen before he went to his post in spring of that year.We can observe totally different literary significances between two auspicious signs.The former demonstrated the response of the Ten Celebrities of Xichang County to the sprout of civilization,which showed more flexibility under the political suppression in the early Ming,and later enabled the literati to promote their literary style to the court.The latter demonstrated the shift of literary conception of the literati in the Zhedong District in the early Ming.However its poorer adjustability didn’t much help it in surviving in the new time.