“美国优先”与特朗普政府网络战略的重构

America First and the Reconstruction of Trump Administration’s National Cyber Strategy

'美国优先'反映了美国与世界关系的深刻变化,这种深刻变化源于冷战后全球化、多极化和信息化趋势带来的新挑战,以及美国试图将这些新挑战纳入现行国际体系的受挫。网络战略是特朗普政府以实力原则重塑美国与世界关系大战略的一部分,包括在应对外部力量通过网络干预美国政治方面建立新的规则,在增强网络空间作战能力和加强网络空间威慑方面取得突破,在推动网络空间国际合作时力求美国收益最大化,以及对网络外交和网络情报的政策目标和运行机制进行较大幅度的调整。由于将'美国优先'作为对外政策指导方针的执政理念蕴含内在矛盾,美国政府进一步推进网络战略也面临更为复杂的国际环境,能否实现国家利益需求和网络空间特性的有效融合,将是特朗普政府未来要面对的重要挑战。

'America First'reflects the profound changes in the relationship between the U.S.and the world.These changes stem from the new challenges brought about globalization,multi-polarization and informationization in the post-Cold War age,and the frustration when U.S.attempts to incorporate these new challenges into the current international system.The national cyber strategy is part of the Trump administration’s grand strategy to reshape the relationship between the U.S.and the world on the principle of strength,including the establishment of new rules in dealing with external intervening in U.S.politics via cyberspace,the attempt of enhancing cyber combat capabilities and strengthening cyber deterrence,the expansion of U.S.national interests in promoting international cooperation in cyberspace,and the adjustments to the policy objectives and operational mechanisms of cyber diplomacy and cyber intelligence.Since the ruling idea of'America First'as the guiding principle of foreign policy contains inherent contradictions,the U.S.government will face a more complicated international environment when promotes its national cyber strategy.Whether it can realize the effective integration of national interest needs and cyberspace characteristics will be an important challenge that the Trump administration will face.