中国对外援助的转型和发展——基于柬埔寨和老挝实地调研的观察与思考

本文结合中国对老挝和柬埔寨援助的实地调研,分析了中国对外援助的转型和发展。中国正在从一个注重物质性资源援助的国家成长为开始输出更多发展理念、经验和价值的援助大国。中国对外援助的特殊性在于其边学习、边实践、边分享的共进性特征,这与中国选择的发展道路有关。目前中国对外援助已经进入了一个关键的转型期,推动这一转型进程的核心动力在于中国国内的发展实践和对发展更为全面的认知。在新的发展阶段,中国对外援助的转型主要表现在四个方面:理念转型,战略转型,机制转型和形象转型。

Based on the field studies in Cambodia and Laos, this paper discusses about the development and transformation of China’s foreign aid. China’s aidhas gradually changed itself from a backstage to a frontstage presence, from more simplified forms of capital, personnel, and material support to pluralized forms of assistance, from a bilateralaid-centric approach to more trilateral and multilateral development cooperation,and from an aid-recipient rather than aid-donor to an emerging major donor with much more influence. The unique feature of China’s aid is co-progressiveness characterized by its simultaneously learning, practicing, and sharing, which has close connection to the development road chosen by China. Currently, China’s foreign aid has entered into a critical transformation era, and the main driver of this transformation process lies in China’s domestic development practices and a more comprehensive perception of development. In the new era, the transformation of China’s foreign aid mainly includes four aspects: conceptual transformation, strategic transformation, institutional transformation and image change.