气候友好型技术转让与国际法:挑战与应对

Challenge and Response: the International Transfer of Climate-friendly Technologies and International Law

气候友好型的技术转让有益于发展中国家和全球气候治理,同时在全球应对气候变化运动中发挥着重要作用。规范这些技术转让具体实施的相关全球气候法律框架需要改进,以便为技术转让提供更多的支持。着眼于分析在全球层面克服法律障碍的路径,本文首先回顾了国际社会关于气候变化和技术转让科学性的共识,然后讨论了现在的全球气候法律框架下的一般原则和技术细节,并通过对中国技术转让案例的研究,探讨了中国作为受援国在实施技术转让方面的优势和问题,同时以高铁和农业技术为例初步分析了中国作为技术输出国面临的挑战。在结论中,本文还对全球法律框架的相关不足之处进行了讨论,提出几个有助于在当前全球气候法律框架下用来克服法律障碍的方案。

Playing a crucial role in the global campaign against climate change, the international transfer of climate-friendly technologies can benefit not only developing countries but also global climate governance. The relevant global-level legal rules need to be improved to render more support to technology transfer.With a focus on analyzing the possible path for overcoming global-level legal obstacles, this article first reviews the consensus that the international community has reached on the science of climate change and technology transfer, and then discusses the general principles and technical details of the current global climate law. Through a case study of China and technology transfer, it explores the advantages and weaknesses of China as a receiver in international technology transfer.The cases of high-speed railway and agriculture are used to analyze the challenges that China faces as a provider.To conclude, it discusses the relevant deficiencies of the current global climate-law framework, as well as several options that can be used to help overcome the legal obstacles at the global level.