南极视察机制探究

Study on the System of Antarctic Inspection

南极视察是《南极条约》首创的重要机制,借助协商国监督的方式,确保南极条约平稳运行。迄今为止,已有23个南极条约协商国实施视察55次。美国是创设南极视察的主要推动国,也是引领视察机制发展的重要实践国,其中单独实施视察15次,联合视察3次。视察是美国主导南极事务、强化南极影响力的重要途径,已被美国作为常态化、机制化活动。中国自1985年成为《南极条约》协商国,享有南极视察权,已于1990年、2015年实施南极视察,但对视察机制的产生、发展及应用缺乏系统研究,且视察频次远低于美、英等国。未来中国应重视南极视察应用与研究,充分利用视察参与南极管理规则制定,为打造南极美好未来多作贡献。

Inspection in Antarctica is an important mechanism pioneered by the Antarctic Treaty, which ensure that the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty are observed by Consultative Parties. So far, 23 Antarctic treaty Consultative Parties have conducted 55 inspections in Antarctica. The United States is the main driving force for the establishment of the inspection in Antarctica and is also an important practical party leading the development of the inspection mechanism. The United States has conducted 15 inspections individually and 3 inspections collectively. Inspection is an important way for the United States leading Antarctic affairs and strengthening influence in Antarctica.The inspection in Antarctic is a regular and institutionalized activity for the United States. China becoming a member of the Antarctic treaty Consultative Parties since 1985. China has the right to carry out inspections in Antarctica which is conducted in1990 and 2015. However China is lake of researching and understanding about mechanism of inspection in Antarctica.China only conducted inspection twice, which is far lower than US, UK inspecting in Antarctica. China should pay more attention on the researching and application of inspection in the future, make good use of it, and contribute to create a better future of Antarctic with other parties.