摘要
区域性公共产品来自国际公共产品概念内涵的延伸,是对区域经济一体化、区域合作不断加强的理论反映。早在冷战时期,美国就建立起亚太地区安全同盟体系,这种以美国为核心的双边同盟体系被看作是以霸权稳定的方式提供区域性安全公共产品的典型案例。随着美国实力的相对下降,美国独立支撑双边军事同盟的意愿与政策都在发生变化,聚合安全成为其规划区域性安全公共产品的主要表现。发端于冷战后的亚太自由贸易协定起初也被视为一种美国在其中有着重要贡献和广泛政策目标的区域性经济公共产品,但亚太经合组织的空心化和跨太平洋伙伴关系协定的夭折表明,美国对区域性经济公共产品的计算更趋保守、自利和短视,地区经济类公共产品的供给越来越依靠区域内各国的合作而非美国的主导。美国在亚太地区提供区域性公共产品的经验与教训值得中国评估和借鉴。
The concept of regional public goods is not only an extension of international public goods, but also a theoretical reflection of flourish of regional economic integration and cooperation. During the Cold War period, the United States built up its alliance system in the Asia-Pacific region, which can be regarded as an example of supplying regional security public goods through a way of hegemonic stability. As time passed,the U. S. capability and willingness of providing such public goods alone is declining. Convergent security becomes its Asia-Pacific alliance policy. Similarly, FTAs in the Asia-Pacific region are seen as regional economic public goods which the U.S. contributes significantly.However, the marginalization of APEC and withdrawal from TPP has shown that the U.S. policy of supplying regional economic goods is becoming conservative,selfish and shortsighted. As a result, regional economic goods, such FTA, will be more relying on the cooperation of regional states rather than the United States.China can learn a lot from the U.S. practice and changes of supplying of regional public goods.
