嗜酸乳杆菌培养物对断奶仔猪肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响

Effects of lactobacillus acidophilus cultures on intestines development and digestive enzymes activites of weaned piglets

研究旨在探讨在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加发酵豆粕及嗜酸乳杆菌培养物对仔猪肠道形态结构及空肠消化酶活性的影响。选用遗传背景、胎次和体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪48头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。对照组仔猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组仔猪饲喂奶粉饲粮(由某公司提供),试验Ⅱ组仔猪饲喂用发酵豆粕代替10.0%普通豆粕的试验饲粮,试验Ⅲ组饲粮是在试验Ⅱ组基础上用嗜酸乳杆菌培养物代替3.0%原有原料,试验期21 d。结果显示:1饲粮中用发酵豆粕代替10%普通豆粕显著提高35日龄仔猪十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度,降低35日龄仔猪隐窝深度,提高绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)(P<0.05)。2饲粮添加3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物显著提高了35日龄仔猪各段小肠的绒毛高度,降低35日龄仔猪各段小肠隐窝深度,提高42日龄各段小肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P<0.05)。3通过透射电镜发现,对照组空肠微绒毛稀疏、短小、排列不整齐;试验组仔猪空肠微绒毛较长、整齐、密集,尤其是添加嗜酸乳杆菌组效果最好。4饲粮中用发酵豆粕代替10%普通豆粕显著提高了35日龄仔猪空肠蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性(P<0.05),提高42日龄仔猪麦芽糖酶活性(P<0.05),提高42日龄仔猪麦芽糖酶活性。5饲粮添加3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物与只添加发酵豆粕相比,仔猪空肠二糖酶、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),但35日龄时Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。发酵豆粕可改善仔猪空肠微绒毛结构,减缓断奶应激引起的乳糖酶急剧下降,提高蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性。用嗜酸乳杆菌培养物替代原有原料3%后各指标效果更好,替代后其效果与奶粉饲粮的效果相当。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of weaned piglets dietary adding solid-state fermented soybean meal(FSBM) and lactobacillus acidophilus cultures on small intestine villistate structure and enzyme activity of jejunum mucosa. A total of 48 piglets weaned at 21 days of ageand with the similar genetic background were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 3 replicates pertreatment and 4 piglets per replicate using a randomized complete-block design. The controlled pigletswere fed basic diet with a type of corn and soybean meal, experiment group Ⅰ piglets were fed milkpowder diet, experiment group Ⅱ piglets were fed the diet of 10.0% FSBM instead of the ordinary soy-bean meal, experiment group Ⅲ piglets were fedthe diet is based on the experiment group Ⅱ inlactobacillus acidophilusstead of 3.0% lactobacillus acidophilus culturesof the original material. The experiment lastedfor 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1The intestinal villus height was increased, cryptdepth was lowered and the V/C was increasedwhen 10% FSBM was used in diet of piglets to replace soybean meal(P<0.05). 2The jejunum and ileum villus height was increased, the crypt depth was lowered and the V/C was increaseded when 3.0%lactobacillus acidophilus cultures was used in diet of piglets to replace FSBM and other ingredients(P<0.05). 3Through transmission electron microscopy, the jejunum microvillus was observed thin, shortand misaligned for piglets in the control group, while that was longer, trim and crowded together forpiglets in experiment groups, especially supplementation of lactobacillus acidophilus. 4The activity ofdisaccharide enzyme(sucrase, lactaid and maltase) was increased when 10% FSBM was used in dietof piglets to replace soybean meal(P<0.05).5There were no significant differences in the activity of di-saccharide enzyme and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPPase in jejunum of piglets fed 10.0% FSBM and 3.0% lactoba-cillus acidophilus cultures(P<0.05), but the Na+/K+-ATPPase activity on 35 d was increased(P<0.05).FSBM can improve the structure of piglets jejunum microvillus, restrain the drop of lactaid activitycaused by weaned stress, increase the activity of sucrase and maltase. Supplementation of 3.0% lacto-bacillus acidophilus cultures can improve the above index and its effect was similar to that of the milkpowder diet.