高速公路丙烷罐车爆炸事故的后果分析

RISK ANALYSIS OF FREEWAY PROPANE TANKER EXPLOSION

本文针对公路丙烷罐车爆炸事故的实例 ,对事故发生的原因进行了分析。分析结果认为 ,事故属于沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸(BLEVE) ,事故对人员和财产危害包括 3个方面 :火球热辐射、爆炸冲击波超压和抛射碎片。本文介绍了这 3种危害的数学模型和方法 ,并针对事故实例进行了分析和计算。结果表明 ,在事故发生现场 1 0 0 m范围内的热辐射可致人死亡或造成三度烧伤 ;冲击波超压在 80 m范围外会使玻璃破碎 ,但无人员伤亡 ;抛射碎片在 334 m的范围内都可能对人体造成伤害。由此 ,可以得出火球热辐射是事故中最主要危害的结论。

In the present paper, a case of freeway propane tanker explosion is presented. As the case indicated, a few vehicles collided into each other, causing a fire spread due to the oil leakage. One of the vehicles is a cylindrical oil tanker with a radius of 2 m which contains 30 m 3 liquid propane occupying 85% of the total volume. When the inner pressure comes to 18×10 5 Pa, the tanker exploded. The cause of the explosion is Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) by the analysis. The main hazards lie in three respects: thermal radiation of fireball, overpressure of explosion shockwave and rocketing fragment. All of the hazards may cause human injury and property damage. In the present paper three mathematic models of the injury and their calculation methods are introduced and the case is analyzed base on the models. The calculation results show that thermal radiation at 100 m far away from the locale can still cause ache in the skin. The shockwave overpressure at 80 m away can cause the break of the window glass, but no injury happens. The rocketing fragment may be cause to harm to the human within the range of 334 m. So the conclusions that thermal radiation is the most destructive factor of all are obtained.