张问陶诗学思想论纲

An Outline of Zhang Wentao's Poetics Thought

张问陶接受并发展了明清诗坛的“性灵”说 ,高扬主体意识 ,破除沈德潜的儒家封建文学理论和翁方纲的作诗规范 ;“性灵诗”必须有创作主体之“天真”与表现对象之“天真”自然凝结为具有“天真”艺术本质的艺术本体 ;“诗发乎情 ,情触乎遇” ,作诗的动因“慨然有感于身世之间” ,这个观点使张诗在抒写性灵之同时 ,能兼及“天下大义” ;主张创作风格的多样化 ,但张诗的基本风格是“空灵”和“沉郁” ;崇尚“天才” ,但非常重视创作主体的修、养、炼。

Zhang Wentao embraced and developed 'the Temperament and Sudden Inspiration Theories' of Ming and Qing Dynasty. He held 'the Subject Consciousness' high and broke Sheng Deqian's feudalistic literary idea of the Confucian School and Weng Fanggang's regulations of poetic creation. The poems written by temperament and sudden inspiration must contain the artistic subject with the nature of natural truth resulting from the natural coalescence of the natural truth of the creation subject and the descriptive object. Poems are out of feeling, and feeling is out of one's own experiences. The motive force of writing poems is out of the things which once moved the heart of the poets in their life experiences.This kind of viewpoint makes Zhang Wentao's poems touch the righteous cause of the world while writing of temperament and sudden inspiration Zhang Wentao maintains that the creating style should be various, but the basic style of his poems is unconventionally graceful,deep and dignified. He also advocates genius, but focuses on study,accomplement and refinement.