传统与现代的混合——索马里兰冲突治理的历史与理论反思

A Blend of Traditional and Modern Ways:Reflection on Conflict Resolution in Somaliland

在反对西亚德·巴雷的索马里内战背景下,1990—1997年,索马里北部的索马里兰地区经历了从初步和解到宣布独立、从临时政府到建立正式政府、从内部纷争与冲突逐步走向稳定与和平的历史进程。索马里兰的冲突治理与和平建设充分利用了其传统政治资源与冲突治理机制,整个进程一方面充分体现出索马里兰传统政治文化的显著特点,包括目标的渐进性与灵活性、过程的开放性与长期性、基于协商共识而非投票等特点,另一方面表现出灵活性与混合性的因地制宜的实用主义特点。索马里兰的案例表明,本土传统与现代方法的有机结合是非洲冲突治理与和平建设的有效之道。

Somaliland witnessed progress from initial reconciliation to selfclaimed independence,from interim government to formal government,from internal conflict to stable peace between 1990 and 1997.Conflict resolution and peace building in Somaliland mixed traditional and modern ways.On the one hand,its traditionalism manifested in the gradualness and flexibility of targets with a lengthy and trivial process,consensus-based decision-making.On the other hand,it also showed pragmatism by adopting modern democratic institution.The case of Somaliland indicated that the combination of tradition and modernity could be a practical way for conflict resolution and peace building in Africa.