试论非洲新型工业化与产业聚集

A Preliminary Exploration of the Approach of New Industrialization and Industrial Agglomeration in Africa

虽然许多非洲国家进行了工业化和多样化的努力,但在多年努力之后,大多数非洲国家依然呈现以农产品为主或是以矿产品为主的单一经济结构。单一经济的发展模式使非洲国家深受其害。近年来,非洲经济获得了较快的增长,但从长期来看,非洲经济还没有走上良性的可持续发展之路,'去工业化现象'和'飞地效应'依然是非洲经济的重要特征。现阶段,非洲国家需要利用好比较优势和后发优势,走新型工业化的发展道路,在重点行业、重点领域内进行产业聚集,产生一批具有非洲特色的产业集群,靠集聚效应推进经济的较快增长,实现非洲新兴工业化与城市化齐头并进。

Although many African countries had made efforts to achieve industrialization and diversification,the economies of most African countries are still mainly agricultural or mineral based after decades of efforts.Single-product economy has long restricted economic development in Africa.Africa has achieved rapid economic growth in recent years,however,most African economies have not yet embarked on the path of sustainable development.'Deindustrialization'and'enclave effect'are still main features of African economies.At present,African countries need to make good use of Comparative Advantages and Latemover Advantage,achieve industrial agglomeration in key industries and keyareas,produce a number of characteristic industrial clusters.African countries should follow a new industrialization approach,relying on agglomeration economic growth and achieving development with emerging industrialization and urbanization in Africa.