坦赞铁路的决策与建设历程研究——兼谈周恩来的历史贡献

The Decision Making and Construction of the TAZARA Railway:A discussion of Premier Zhou Enlai’s Contributions

坦赞铁路是中国对非援助的标志性工程,它是中非人民的'友谊之路',非洲人民的'自由之路'。中国出于打破美苏霸权垄断、支援非洲民族解放运动的战略考量,在坦赞两国四处求援、屡遭拒绝的情况下,毛泽东、周恩来等中国领导人积极果断地承担下这一发展项目。在坦赞铁路建设中,周恩来发挥了重要贡献,他参与了整个决策程序,推动了勘测设计工作开展,并且领导了铁路的修筑过程。'历史是最好的教科书。'在决策和建设过程中,周恩来强调的'自力更生'的发展理念、'尊重主权,平等互利'的援助方针、重视调研、留有余地的决策思路以及高度重视援助中人的要素的典型特征,对我们做好当前中国对非援助工作,具有重要的现实启示。

The TAZARA Railway was an epitome of China’ s assistance to Africa. It is both a railway of friendship for Chinese and African peoples,and a railway of freedom for African peoples. In order to break through the monopoly of USA and USSR and support the liberation movements of African peoples,China’ s late Premier Zhou Enlai made an historical decision to assist Tanzania and Zambia for building the Railway, whose appeals had been repetitively refused internationally. Premier Zhou took the lead along the way,participated in the decision making and promoted the railway ’ s survey and design.'History is the best textbook. ' He emphasized the idea of self-relaiance and the guideline of respecting each other ’ s sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit in foreign assistance. Also he underscored policy research,leaving room for maneuver in decision making,and human factors in the implementation of assistance to foreign countries. All these experience has important implications for China’ s aid to African countries.