电力行业的碳排放权交易机制研究

Mechanism Study on Carbon Emission Trading of Power Sector

电力行业是国家和地区减少温室气体排放的重要部门,也是碳排放权交易的市场主体。文章研究了2个问题:一是在碳排放总量管理下,电力排放的所属问题;二是不同配额分配方案对电力生产企业的影响。通过借鉴国外碳排放权交易机制中电力排放的划分经验,结合我国国情,建议从生产和消费两端同时对电力排放进行控制;在对电力行业的几种配额分配方法进行系统研究的基础上,提出了"加权平均法"这一新型分配方法,并用该分配方法对广东省现有电力企业进行了碳排放权交易模拟分析和评估。分析结果表明,在绝对排放量下降5%的总量控制目标下,通过"加权平均法",各机组所得配额都相对公平和平均,可以保证企业顺利履约,实现碳排放权交易体系的控制目标。

Power sector is an important department to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for the nation or region, and the main body in carbon emissions trading system(ETS). This paper studies the two problems: the first is which part of the carbon emission from the electricity should be included in the ETS; the second is how the different allowance allocation schemes influence electric enterprises. Through the international experience on carbon emission from the electricity include in ETS,combined with China′s national conditions, the paper suggested that both ends of production′s and consumption′s carbon emission should include in ETS. Studied on the existing allowance allocation on power sector, the paper put forward a new distribution method 'weighted average method'. The allocation method is used to analyze and evaluate the existing electric power enterprise in Guangdong under ETS. Analysis results show that under the absolute emissions fell by 5% of total amount control target, through the 'weighted average method', the allowance of each installation is relatively fair and on average,which can guarantee enterprise complete the compliance processes, realize the emission target of ETS.