高原湖泊入湖河口生态湿地净水技术应用研究

Technology Water Purification on Wetland Ecological the Region of Returning Pond to Lake in Plateau Lakes

20世纪70年代云南九大高原湖泊之一的异龙湖实施了围湖造田运动,在湖滨带形成大量农田和连片的鱼塘群,天然湖滨带湿地大量消失,湖滨生态系统严重受损退化,湖泊自净大幅下降,湖滨带生态、环保和景观三大功能丧失,湖泊水质逐年下降。该文介绍云南省重大科技项目研发的一种湖滨带退塘还湖区塘库系统生态湿地入湖河流水质净化工程技术方法,通过对湖滨带退塘还湖区鱼塘群地形地貌进行大规模整合改造,构建了规模约40 hm^2具有完善布水设施和水质净化功能的零电耗低成本塘库系统生态湿地工程示范,湿地污水处理规模5万m^3/d,湿地示范区对污染物COD、TP、TN去除率分别为70%、88%、84%,城河劣V污水经过湿地净化后达到GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量》Ⅳ类水质标准,湿地对城河COD、TP、TN污染负荷年削减量分别为465t、9.8t和102t,湖滨湿地示范工程实现了生物多样性保育、入湖河流水质净化和景观美化三大功能,对改善异龙湖水质和生态环境起到了重要作用。

1970 s Yilonghu nine plateau lakes in Yunnan, one of the implementation of the campaign to reclaim the land in the lake with the formation of large tracts of farmland and fish ponds contiguous group, natural lake with a lot of disappearing wetlands, lake ecosystems degraded severely damaged, lake purification dropped significantly, lakeside zone ecology, environmental protection and landscape of three functional loss, lake water quality is declining. This paper presents a major scientific and technological research and development projects in Yunnan Province Lake with back ponds or lakes and pond system wetlands river into the lake water purification engineering solutions, through lakeside retreat pond with fish pond lake group also carried out large-scale integration topography transformation construct a scale of about 600 acres with perfect water distribution facilities and water purification zero power consumption at low cost and pond system wetlands demonstration projects, wetland sewage treatment capacity 50,000 m^3/d, wetland demonstration area for pollutants COD, TP, TN removal rates were 70%, 88%, 84%, worse than Ⅴcounty river wetlands purify sewage after reach GB 3838-2002 Grade Ⅳ surface water quality standards, wetlands moat COD, TP, TN reductions in pollution loads respectively, 465 t, 9.8 t and 102 t, lakeside wetlands demonstration project achieved biodiversity conservation, into the lake river water purification and landscaping three functions, to improve water quality and ecological environment Yilonghu played an important role.