北京市城市河道水体黑臭分级评价研究

Studies on Grading Assessment Methods of Urban Smelly Creeks' Blackening and Odors in Beijing

基于水体黑臭感官指标及水质监测数据,构建了北京市水体黑臭监测指标体系,采用多元线性回归,建立了黑臭分级评价方法。通过理论值计算与实际监测数值代入计算两方面验证了该方法,发现该方法比国家制定的黑臭水体评价方法略严,比地表水环境质量劣Ⅴ3类及劣Ⅴ4类标准稍松。将该方法应用于案例研究中发现,2013年北京市城市黑臭水体共有40条段。以长度计,空间上按水系划分主要分布于北运河水系(73.2%);按行政区划分,主要布于郊区(69.0%),且主要位于城市下游排水河道中。以时间计,枯水期黑臭最严重,丰水期次之,平水期最轻微。

The monitoring indicator system of creeks' blackening and odors in Beijing was constructed based on human's sensory data and plenty of water quality data.The multiple linear regression method was applied to construct the grading assessment methods of smelly creeks' blackening and odors in Beijing and was also validated through theoretical calculations and actual monitoring data computing.It was found that the method put forward newly was a little stricter than the official standard published in September 2015,while it was also a little looser than standard of grade Ⅴ3and Ⅴ4in the environmental quality assessment of surface water.In the case study,there were 40 black-odor creek sections in Beijing in 2003.According to the length,about 73.2% were in the North Canal creek system,about 69.0% were in the suburbs of Beijing,and they were mostly in the midstream and downstream drainage channels.It was showed by its time variation characteristics that the situation of creeks' blackening and odors was most serious in lower-water season,followed by higher-water season,and was most slight in mid-water season.