降低稻米中镉富集的农作技术及生物技术研究进展

Advances in Farming Technology and Biotechnology of Reducing Cadmium Accumulation in Rice

水稻是中国重要的粮食作物,由于受到镉(Cd)污染而倍受关注。Cd是动植物非必要的有毒重金属,进入食物链对人体健康有严重的威胁,因此降低稻米对Cd的吸收迫在眉睫。该文综述了降低稻米对Cd吸收的农作技术及农田可持续修复的生物技术。首先,通过土壤水分管理,增施有机肥、硅肥及土壤改良剂能降低水稻对Cd的吸收。其次Cd的超积累植物及对Cd起固定化作用的微生物的使用可以用来进行田间修复。此外,可以通过Cd排异型水稻品种的筛选和利用及生物强化技术来降低稻米对Cd的吸收。

In recent years,human activities,such as mining,smelting,irrigation with polluted water,caused serious cadmium pollution in soil.Cd is a nonessential and harmful heavey metal for plants and animals,once it entrances into food chain through uptake and accumulation in plants will threaten human's health.Hence,Cd decreasing in rice is needed.This article reviews agriculture and molecular techniques that prevent Cd uptake in rice grain.Firstly,water management,silicon and organic fertilizer can be utilized for minimizing Cd in rice.Secondly,Cd hyperaccumulator plants and immobilizing microbes can be used for field remediation.Cd excluder rice by transgenics can also reduce the Cd accumulation.