基于在线监测的煤电大气污染物排放研究

Study on the Emission of Air Pollutants in Coal-fired Units on the Basis of on-Line Monitoring

对安徽省燃煤电厂NO_x、烟尘和SO_2的排放情况连续4年监测,根据所得数据分析其排放总量、排放绩效变化规律及时空分布特征。结果表明,燃煤电厂大气污染物排放水平逐年降低显著。NOx、烟尘和SO_2总量、排放绩效均呈一致的下降趋势,年均下降幅度分别为32.00%、23.28%和19.43%。排放绩效年均下降幅度分别为35.24%、27.20%和22.90%。2016年3种污染物排放绩效分别为0.18、0.038、0.13 g/(k W·h),指标均优于全国煤电机组平均水平。污染物排放量月变化峰值集中在夏季(7、8月)及冬季(1、12月),建议冬季实现更严格的排放标准。污染物排放量月变化与发电量月变化呈高度正相关性,系数为0.63～0.89。当发生环保改造时,正相关性逐渐降低。16个地市的电厂污染物总量逐年减小,但在空间分布上差异明显。污染物排放量高的城市不宜再新建燃煤电厂。该文研究对我国未来大气污染控制和能源、环境与社会发展的综合决策具有一定的参考意义。

Four years of NO_x, particulate matter and SO_2 emissions were monitored in coal-fired units of Anhui province, according to the data of total emissions and emission performance change rule and the space-time distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that pollutants emission decreases obviously with years. NOx, particulate matter and SO_2 total pollution and emissions performance present a consistent decline, with the declines of 32.00 %, 23.28% and 19.43% respectively. Annual emissions performance decreased 35.24%, 27.20% and 22.90% respectively. Emissions performance were 0.18,0.038, 0.13 g/(k W·h) and were better than the national average standard in 2016. Pollutants emissions peak months were con-centrated in summer, such as July and August, and in winter such as December and January, suggested that winter to imple-ment more stringent emission standards. Pollutant emissions to change have highly positive correlation with electric energy production, which the coefficient were 0.63～0.89. When a environmental renovation happened, the positive correlation was gradually reduced. The pollutant total amount decreased year by year in 16 cities of coal-fired units, but the difference in the spatial distribution of the obvious. High discharge of pollutants city should not be new coal-fired units. In this paper, we study the future of our country air pollution control and energy, environmental and social development in the comprehensive decision-making has certain reference significance.