河南省若干城市道路灰尘的重金属污染特征

Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Road Dust in Several Cities of Henan Province

为探究河南省不同地区道路灰尘中重金属元素污染水平的差异及潜在环境风险,该研究以河南省的11个城市为研究对象,采集各地市道路灰尘样品共计47个,测定灰尘中Pb、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd的浓度,并应用地积累指数法(I_(geo))对其进行污染评价,应用美国EPA人体暴露健康风险评估模型和潜在生态风险指数分别评价其健康风险和生态风险。研究发现:河南省道路灰尘中重金属的浓度总体表现为Mn>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cu>Co>Cd。各类重金属的非致癌风险从高到低依次为As>Cr>Pb>Mn>Co>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu,其中As、Cr对人体健康存在潜在非致癌风险。Cr、Cd、Ni、As、Co 5种致癌重金属的致癌风险从高到低依次为Cr>As>Ni>Cd>Co。生态风险评价发现11个城市的潜在生态危害为鹤壁市>漯河市>信阳市>邓州市>平顶山市>商丘市>南阳市>开封市>安阳市>周口市>濮阳市,其中Cd对RI值贡献率高达85%以上。

To explore the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in different regions of Henan Province,47 road dust samples from 11 cities were collected to determine the concentration of Pb,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Zn,As and Cd.Ground accumulation index(Igeo)method was adopted to evaluate the pollution levels of heavy metals.Further,human health risks and ecological risks were also assessed.Concentrations of heavy metals in road dust in Henan province generally ranked as Mn>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cu>Co>Cd.The non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to heavy metals ordered by As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Mn>Co>Ni>Zn>Cu,among which the As and Cd represented potential non-carcinogenic risk.Carcinogenic risk for the five kinds of heavy metals(Cr,Cd,Ni,As and Co)ordered by Cr>As>Ni>Cd>Co.Ecological risk generally followed the sequence of Hebi>Luohe>Xinyang>Dengzhou>Pingdingshan>Shangqiu>Nanyang>Kaifeng>Anyang>Zhoukou>Puyang,and Cd was the greatest contributor.