土壤重金属修复植物处置技术研究现状与展望

Research Progress of Disposal Technology for Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulator Plants

修复植物在进行土壤修复时会对重金属进行提取,但重金属的迁移以及其在生物质中的富集也带来了潜在的危害,一旦处置不当便会造成"二次污染",这也使得富集大量重金属的修复植物安全处置成为了亟待解决的问题。该文对修复植物传统处置技术最新进展进行了综述,如焚烧法、气化法、堆肥法、热解法、压缩填埋法和液相萃取法等,并对资源化处置技术,如植物冶金、热液提质及合成纳米材料等进行了未来展望,以期对今后的重金属超积累植物减量化、无害化、资源化处置技术的深入研究提供有效参考,对完善植物修复处置技术的理论依据和促进实际应用发展提供参考。

Heavy metals was extracted by hyperaccumulator plants during soil remediation,but the migration of heavy met?als and their enrichment in biomass had resulted in a series of potential hazard.Secondary pollution was caused by improper disposal of hyperaccumulator plants.The safe disposal of hyperaccumulator plants enriched a large amount of heavy metal had become an urgent problem to be solved.Recent advances in the traditional disposal techniques of hyperaccumulator plants such as incineration,gasification,composting,pyrolysis,compressed landfill,and liquid extraction were discussed in this review.The future prospects for new resource-based disposal technologies such as phytomining,hydrothermal upgrading,and synthesis of nanocomposites were discussed.It is expected to provide an effective reference for future research on the technol?ogy of reducing,detoxifying and recycling of heavy metal-enriched biomass,and to help improve the theoretical basis of phy?toremediation and disposal technologies while promote the development of practical applications.